Research from the National Library of Medicine reveals that there are about 7.4 million people dependent on amphetamines (AMPH) globally. This growing dependence has made amphetamines the second most widely abused stimulant drug in the world after cannabis.
But why are the statistics skyrocketing and what symptoms are indicative of amphetamine abuse? Keep reading to know.
What are amphetamines?
AMPH is a central nervous system stimulant that works by altering the reward system of the brain. It exists in powder, crystal, tablet, or capsule form. The powder ranges from white to brown and may occasionally have gray or pink traces.
Capsules and tablets differ considerably in color and size depending on the manufacturer. Nonetheless, the drug has a poignant smell and is bitter.
More often than not, when used illicitly, amphetamines may have impurities of binding agents, sugar, or caffeine. It is not uncommon for regular abusers of amphetamines to combine them with other drugs like alcohol, leading to the multiplier effect.
How does it function?
When taken, AMPH triggers the production of a neurotransmitter, dopamine, from the brain which brings euphoria and relaxation.
Among other feelings associated with the intake of amphetamines are increased jolts of energy in the body, pleasure and motivation, higher concentration/ wakefulness, calmness, and a boost of self-confidence.
Due to its effects, amphetamines are commonly prescribed in treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety, obesity, narcolepsy, and depression. However, when overused, they can be addictive.
Common brand names for Amphetamines include:
- Adderall
- Vyvanse
- Dexedrine
- Concerta
- Methylin
- Ritalin
- Metadate
They also are referred with the following street names:
- Black beauties
- Bennies
- Uppers
- Speed
- Crank
- Ice
How long does amphetamine high last?
The intensity of an amphetamine high significantly depends on the mode of ingestion. Amphetamines can be snorted, swallowed, or diluted and injected intravenously. The latter gives the fastest reaction time as the drug goes directly into the bloodstream and brain.
When taken orally, AMPH may take about 20 minutes to hit. Generally, the stimulating effects of amphetamine can last up to 12 hours, although, this may vary depending on the type of AMPH.
How long does amphetamine stay in your system?
Certain factors influence how long amphetamine stays in your system, such as the body’s metabolic rate, frequency of use, and the dosage consumed, among others. With these factors considered and depending on the method of screening, AMPH may be traceable anywhere between 2 to 90 days after use.
It can be traced through blood, urine, saliva, or hair screening which detects amphetamine within up to 90 days while other tests are only effective for a shorter period of up to four days.
How is amphetamine abused?
Although amphetamine brings the feeling of euphoria, once the rush is over the victim experience a noticeable fall. Its side effects are experienced in high extremes, leaving the victim exhausted and irritable.
Amphetamine prescriptions are usually predominantly oral. However, someone with the intent of abusing the drug may decide to either snort the powder or inject it to create an immediate, intense high.
It is also abused as a study aid by students due to its ability to boost the brain’s alertness. Comparably, athletes may also abuse it as a performance-enhancement drug.
Regular use of the drug predisposes the brain to develop a tolerance, whether it was used for medical reasons or recreation.
As a result, your brain will require a larger dose to achieve the initial rush and eventually cause dependency. At this point, the abuser is consistently bingeing on the drugs and prevalent to amphetamine addiction.
Blood screening is particularly useful in determining amphetamine abuse.
Signs of amphetamine abuse
Amphetamine is a hard drug to hide. Its abuse evokes certain behavioral, physical, and mental changes in an individual. Among these are:
- Mood swings
- Hallucinations
- Insomnia
- Aggression
- Neglect of responsibilities
- Anxiety and increased paranoia
- Low appetite and weight loss
- High blood pressure and increased heart rate
- Doctor shopping for new amphetamine prescriptions
- Sudden loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
- Mismatch in prescription and refill time of pills
Prolonged abuse of amphetamines may result in problematic side effects such as:
- Brain impairment affects one’s thoughts, emotions, and behavior.
- Depression
- Seizures
- Short-term memory loss
- Malnutrition
- Convulsions
- Coma
- Possible risk of overdose
- Deteriorating mental health
- Strained social life. This often leads to broken relationships.
- Cardiac arrest
- Chest pain
How to quit amphetamine abuse
Like any other substance abuse disorder, it is always advisable to seek professional help if you decide to quit using. Otherwise, quitting cold turkey may lead to severe withdrawal symptoms which jeopardize the health and life of the abuser.
Some common withdrawal symptoms associated with amphetamine include:
- Intense cravings
- Severe fatigue
- Random body aches which resemble flu-like symptoms
- Depression
- Suicidal thoughts
An organized treatment plan will help ease your sobriety journey.
Treatment plan
Once amphetamine abuse develops into dependence, an intricate treatment program is called for. However, the abuser must first be willing to quit their addiction.
Oftentimes a professional will put you or your loved one struggling with amphetamine addiction under a treatment program. This may involve attending therapy sessions and support groups.
Additionally, this program will also help manage and alleviate withdrawal symptoms that may occur in the process. Always encourage the addict and support them through their journey – they need it now more than ever.
